Methods of ocean thermal electric power generation pdf

Ocean thermal energy conversion otec plants will employ the temperature difference between the solarheated surface layer of a tropical ocean 24 to 28 c and the water at 500 to 1200 m depth 4. Wavestar will work in harmony with other clean energy methods to support the alternative energy movement and. The performance of otec power generating cycles is assessed with the same. Several techniques have been proposed to use this ocean thermal resource. Uk scientists are developing a microbial fuel cell capable of generating electricity from human urine. They are often used in remote locations where power is required but solar energy is unreliable or insufficient, such as offshore engineering, oil pipelines, remote telemetry and data collection. Tides are more predictable than the wind and the sun. Having low thermal conductivity ensures that when one side is made hot, the other side stays cold, which helps to generate a large voltage while in a temperature gradient. Such devices are based on thermoelectric effects involving interactions between the flow of heat and of electricity through solid bodies. It represents roughly 41% of total water withdrawals and around 4% of total water consumptive uses in the united states bauer et al.

Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a process that can produce electricity by using the temperature difference between deep cold ocean water and warm tropical surface waters. Electrical power is produced when the concentrated light is converted to heat, which drives a heat engine usually a steam turbine connected to an electrical power generator or powers an, experimental as of 20, thermochemical reaction. In isobutane cycle, hot ocean surface water is used to vaporize and to superheat. Basically, ocean thermal energy conversion is an electricity generation. Researchers are working to harvest and convert that energy into costeffective and reliable electricity. Analysis of a heat exchangerthermoelectric generator system. Wave power generation is not currently a widely employed commercial technology. Geothermal electricity generation relies mainly on technologies that exploit conventional. We classify these sources into two types renewable. The main focus of epsr is the electric power system from a systems point of view.

Among resource energies, coal and natural gas are used to generate electricity by combustion thermal power, uranium by nuclear fission nuclear power, to utilize their heat for boiling water and rotating steam turbine. Electricity generation by the ocean thermal energy. New japanese turbines generate electricity from sea waves. The governor of hawaii, david ige, flipped the switch to activate the plant. A short 4minute animated introduction to the abandoned nemo otec project in martinique. Otec plants pump large quantities of deep cold seawater and surface seawater to run a power cycle and produce electricity. This paper will cover concept, process, energy calculations, cost factoids and environmental aspects.

Section iii efficiency of otec power generation based. Unit 1 introduction to power generation introduction whenever, we are going to study about the power plants, we must know about the sources of energy. A high efficiency method for generating electric power from heat comprising. Data from existing electric generating stations on the coast provide insight into possible impacts of otec plants. As the ocean thermal energy is perfectly clean and. The purpose of the electric transmission system is the interconnection of the electric energy producing power plants or generating stations with the loads. Pdf a closed cycle ocean thermal energy conversion basically. This is referred to as otec for ocean thermal energy conversion. Electricity generation is the process of generating electric power from sources of primary energy. The pacific islands are perfect for ocean power, but many other challenges remaininclude climate change.

Many people understand the concept of hydroelectric power generation, such as at niagara falls, canada, where electric power is generated by turbines positioned to take advantage of the potential energy of water at different heights. As the fault current level increases so do the requirements to electrodynamic and thermal stability of the power devices, generators, transformers, and circuit breakers, which leads to a significant increase in their size, weight, and cost. Ten ways to generate electricity from renewable sources. Magnetohydrodynamic power generation the magnetohydrodynamic power generator8 is a device that. Concentrated solar power systems use mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight, or solar thermal energy, onto a small area. The power plant is intended to be a joint venture between two business giants, usbased engineering corporation lockheed martin and hong kongbased construction consortium reignwood. Ocean energy is a type of renewable energy extracted from the sea, from the sources like marine current, ocean thermal power, tides, salient gradients and waves. The handbook contains a wide array of topics and each topic is written by an authority on the subject. Mhd power generation is a new system of electric power generation which is said to be of high efficiency and low pollution. Revisiting ocean thermal energy conversion request pdf. Six of the most promising new green power technologies. Ocean energy is a type of renewable energy extracted from the sea, from the sources like marine current, ocean thermal power, tides, salient gradients and. The conversion process captures kinetic energy and converts it directly into electric energy.

Ocean thermal energy conversion using doublestage rankine cycle. Ocean thermal energy conversion is a method used to create electricity that uses the temperature difference that exists between deep and shallow water, since the water is colder at greater depths. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Ocean energy is still in its infancy in the united states, but the maine company ocean renewable power installed its first underwater turbine in 2012, and plans to add two more in the next 18. Warm surface water is pumped through an evaporator containing a working fluid. The second law of thermodynamics precludes the complete conversion of thermal energy in to electricity. Thermal electrical power generation is one of the major methods used in egbin thermal station. In this unit, we will be discussing the concepts of various power plants, their advantages and disadvantages. This report describes the ocean thermal resource and the conventional methods for extracting energy from it.

Radioisotopeheated thermoelectric generators power orbiting satellites, remote radio transmit ters, space pr0hc. Energy production rates are calculated for regions based on. Coal power generation steam coal, also known as thermal coal, is used in power stations to generate electricity. Radical design options for waveprofiling wave energy. Electricity generation, transmission and distribution guides.

Actually, in power generation, one form of energy gets converted into electrical energy. Among sources of renewable energy, tidal energy has traditionally suffered from relatively. Climate risk and adaptation in the electric power sector. The main methods of generating electricity have been discussed below. This is the first true closedcycle ocean thermal energy conversion otec plant to be connected to a u. Thermoelectric generation technology, as one entirely solidstate energy conversion method, can.

This energy and power generation handbook is dedicated to. Electricity generation by the ocean thermal energy tethys. Table 1summary of the pros and cons of the three steamgeneration methods. To be good thermoelectric materials these materials must have both high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity. China, russia, and south korea all have smaller tidal power plants. They receive thermal energy through heat transfer from surface sea water warmed by the sun, and transform a portion of this energy to electrical power.

Jul 20, 2017 ocean power plant generates energy from waves unlimited cheap clean electricity. Otec can operate with a very high capacity factor and so can operate in base load mode. There are two ways in which solar power can be converted to energy. Otec power generation makes use of temperature differences between upper. Electric power systems an overview sciencedirect topics. Technological advances in marine renewable energy allow for various methods of extracting energy in the form of electrical power from the ocean. The energy of a single wave, for instance, could power an electric car for hundreds of miles. Ocean thermal energy conversion technology britannica. The greater the temperature difference, the greater the efficiency of the whole method, and the minimum temperature difference should be 38c.

For power generation and waste heat recovery applications, ferrotec offers thermoelectric modules that have been optimized for efficient performance. Economics of steam generation for thermal enhanced oil recovery. Apr 05, 2020 a collection of papers exploring the main types of ocean energy, including otec, tidal, and wave power. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec types renewable. Adverse effects on the electric power equipment also increase as the fault current level increases. Various methods of generating electricity rite systems. The use of organic isobutane will be investigated for a closedcycle ocean thermal energy conversion otec onshore plant that delivers 110 mw electric powers.

Tidal power or tidal energy is the form of hydropower that converts the energy obtained from tides into useful forms of power, mainly electricity although not yet widely used, tidal energy has the potential for future electricity generation. Energy flows are concentrated and can be controlled. Jan 29, 2018 cbse class 10 science sources of energy we will understand how the temperature difference between the water levels of the ocean can be used to generate electricity. Worlds largest ocean thermal energy conversion otec. In a turbine generator, a moving fluidsuch as water, steam, combustion gases, or airpushes a.

Energy contained in wood and other plant matterderived from solar energy photosynthesisbiomass can be burned to produce energywood. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec, form of energy conversion that makes use of the temperature differential between the warm surface waters of the oceans, heated by solar radiation, and the deeper cold waters to generate power in a conventional heat engine. In a turbine generator, a moving fluidsuch as water, steam, combustion gases, or airpushes a series of blades mounted on a shaft, which. A 1 kw thermoelectric generator for lowtemperature. A threephase ac system is used for most transmission lines. Operation and maintenance schedule of a steam turbine. Efficient and clean combustion of fossil fuels within boiler island 9. Tegs for electric power generation from low tempera ture solar thermal sources, such as ocean thermal lay ers or salinity gradient ponds 1. Pdf the ocean thermal energy conversion strategies and. Tidal power waves power ocean thermal energy conversion otec tidal power. Electrical energy systems power applications of electricity. Cooling water for energy generation and its impact on nationallevel water statistics amit kohli1, k aren frenken1 april 2011 introduction cooling water for energy generation is accounted for differently in different countries. It also identifies adaptation options available to each source of energy generation as well as for the distribution and end use of electrical energy. A turbine converts the potential and kinetic energy of a moving fluid liquid or gas to mechanical energy.

Method and apparatus for obtaining power from sea water. Pdf this paper presents different roots of ocean thermal energy conversion. A 1 kw thermoelectric generator for lowtemperature geothermal resources changwei liu, pingyun chen. We produce electrical energy from various natural sources. Mar 29, 2014 in world 80 % of total electricity produced in the world is hydal, while remaining 20% is produced from nuclear, thermal, solar, geothermal energy and from magneto hydro dynamic mhd generation. Before they break on shore, ocean waves pack immense energy. Working fluid is ammonia which is gas at room temperature. Analysis of ocean thermal energy conversion power plant using. The present status and features of otec and recent aspects of. Solar power uses the sun energy to either boil water or directly converts solar energy to electrical energy ocean thermal energy conversion uses temperature differences between different depths of ocean water to drive a heat engine. Photovoltaic cells radiation electricity 1015% ocean thermal thermal mech electricity % source. Each design type has different means of power production and each. Due to the massive scale of the ocean thermal resources, otec power generation is appealing.

This same year hamuo uehara and his team managed to. Mar 19, 2014 from concentrated solar power to floating wind turbines and from printable organic solar cells to biomass gasification, power picks six of the most promising new green power technologies. Most of the current thermal power generation technologies must first convert thermal energy to mechanical work before producing electricity. After it passes through the turbine the steam is condensed in a condenser and recycled to where it was heated. These stations impact the surrounding marine environment mainly through heating the water, the release of toxic chemicals, impingement of organisms on intake screens, and.

Thermoelectric power generator, any of a class of solidstate devices that either convert heat directly into electricity or transform electrical energy into thermal power for heating or cooling. There are various methods of electricity generation dependent on types of energy. Produced in combined water and power configuration. Thermal power as a bridging technology towards sustainability 7. Sustainable energy sustainable energy fall 2010 conversion 17. An ocean thermal energy conversion power plant built by makai ocean engineering went operational in hawaii in august 2015. Similarly, hydrothermal power generation, also known as ocean thermal energy conversion otec is the practice of producing electric power. In the following section the main one, magnetohydrodynamic power generation, is mentioned very briefly to give an overall background picture of the interest in direct conversion ii.

An assessment of ocean thermal energy conversion as an advanced electric generation methodology,a proceedings of the ieee, vol. Conclusions and recommendations 32 figures 1 global distribution of annual wave power flux from wave watch iii windwave model 3 2 global distribution of annual wave power flux from fugro oceanor worldwaves model 3 3 wave energy conversion 4. Harnessing the power of the currents of the ocean is not a new idea. The united states does not have any tidal power plants, and it only has a few sites where tidal energy could be economical to produce. One method is through the process of ocean thermal. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is the process of harnessing the temperature differential that exists in the equatorial oceans between the warm surface water and the cool water thousands of feet below to produce electricity. Ocean power plant generates energy from waves unlimited. Alternative methods of generating electricity research. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator. Environmental science chapter 15 flashcards quizlet. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec generates electricity indirectly from solar energy by harnessing the temperature difference between the sunwarmed surface of tropical oceans and the colder deep waters. Process and technology status ocean thermal energy conversion. The next largest tidal power plant is in annapolis royal in nova scotia, canada, with 20 mw of electricity generation capacity.

The vaporized fluid is turned back to a liquid in a condenser cooled. Electric power systems research is an international medium for the publication of original papers concerned with the generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization of electrical energy. For utilities in the electric power industry, it is the stage prior to its delivery to end users transmission, distribution, etc. From concentrated solar power to floating wind turbines and from printable organic solar cells to biomass gasification, power picks six of the most promising new green power technologies. A thermal power station is a power station in which heat energy is converted to electric power. Ocean thermal energy also called as ocean thermal energy conversion otec refers to a method of using the temperature difference between the deep parts of the sea which are cold and the shallow parts of the sea which are cold to run a heat engine and produce useful work.

Water, when it is falling by the force of gravity, can be used to turn turbines and generators that produce electricity. Thermodynamic and economic feasibility analysis of a 20 mw. This article is about transport and the capture of energy in ocean waves. Steam is one of the sources that can power turbines, and for this medium, water is boiled with the help of heat from methods involving nuclear fission, burning coal, natural gas, or petroleum. Ocean and marine energy refers to various forms of renewable electric energy harnessed from the ocean. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a process that employs the natural. Preface the handbook of electric power calculationsprovides detailed stepbystep calculation procedures commonly encountered in electrical engineering. Research regarding ocean energy resources, status of wave and tidal power technologies. The thermal electric power generation sector is the largest withdrawer of water in the united states. Type of combustion primay electrical gtit p ci turbine type generation ype gas steam water aero ower conversion. A signircant fraction of solar radiation incident on the ocean is retained by seawater in tropical. Baira gowda, pittsburgh, pa for introducing me to asme, in the late 1980s. Cooling water for energy generation and its effect on. In world 80 % of total electricity produced in the world is hydal, while remaining 20% is produced from nuclear, thermal, solar, geothermal energy and from magneto hydro dynamic mhd generation.

Climate risk and adaptation in the electric power sector this report aims to highlight and raise awareness on the exposure and vulnerability of the energy sector to climate change. Liane ellison norman, staunch supporters of the green peace movement and clean energy at. In the vast oceans of earth, there are currents that constantly travel the globe. Finally, ocean thermal power uses the differences in temperature in different parts of the ocean to generate electricity. Otec targets huge ocean thermal energy as an added heat, so the thermal ef. The denser cold water masses, formed by ocean surface water interaction with cold atmosphere in quite specific areas of the north atlantic and the southern ocean, sink into the deep sea basins and spread in.

Another example of a growing field of research is osmotic power, which harnesses the differences in salt concentration between bodies of fresh water, such as rivers, and the salty ocean. Turbines can be propelled by wind or flowing water. Mar 04, 2020 we divide the power system into three parts. Ocean thermal energy conversion uses the ocean thermal gradient between cooler deep and warmer shallow or surface seawaters to run a heat engine and produce useful work, usually in the form of electricity. The authors 2,3 have proposed evaluation methods to optimize a power generation system for unutilized heat energies. Hydroelectric power comes from flowing water winter and spring runoff from mountain streams and clear lakes. The planned construction of an otec ocean thermal energy conversion power plant in the southern chinese high seas is set to become the largest power plant in the world. Jul 27, 2017 the generation of electric power can be achieved by a variety of devices and systems, including, for example, diesel generators, thermoelectric converters, thermal electric power plants, and fuel cells, which vary in their efficiency. Cbse class 10 science sources of energy we will understand how the temperature difference between the water levels of the ocean can be used to generate electricity. Due to inconsistency and failure in the power supply in nigeria, there is a need for a proper operation and maintenance schedule strategy of the various kinds of power plants accessories so as to facilitate their efficiencies and functionality. Similarly, hydrothermal power generation, also known as ocean thermal energy conversion otec is the practice of producing electric power from the potential energy of water temperature differences of at least 20c 36f. Otec produces electricity from the natural thermal gradient of the ocean, using the heat stored in warm surface water to create steam to drive a turbine, while pumping cold, deep water to the surface to recondense the steam.

These applica tions consider a teg sandwiched between the warm and cold flow channels of a platefin or parallelplane heat exchanger. Hydroelectric power generation is by far the most efficient method of large scale electric power generation. Ocean thermal energy conversion makai ocean engineering. International journal of energy and power engineering.